Compartición de noticias en redes sociales. Difusión selectiva y poder social
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.50.27433Palabras clave:
redes sociales, compartición de noticias, Poder Social, noticias duras, noticias blandas, afecto positive, utilidadResumen
Este artículo analiza el modo en el que los diferentes objetivos definidos por la teoría del poder social se relacionan con la forma en la que los ciudadanos comparten noticias. Esta teoría postula que las interacciones entre los individuos persiguen alcanzar determinados objetivos por parte de sus interlocutores (recompensa, coerción, legitimación, identificación y demostración de conocimiento). Se busca identificar cómo influyen en las noticias (duras o blandas, emocionales o útiles) que se comparten y dónde (plataformas abiertas asimétricas, como Facebook o Twitter, basadas en modelos de difusión, o entornos cerrados de difusión selectiva como WhatsApp). Se emplea un método de muestreo de experiencias que recogió información acerca de 830 noticias compartidas por 279 participantes en España. Los objetivos más comunes fueron recompensa, legitimación y demostración de conocimiento. Las redes abiertas asimétricas se emplean para compartir noticias con objetivos proselitistas (convencer, persuadir o corregir). Estos objetivos se buscan mediante la difusión de noticias duras, mientras que las noticias blandas se emplean principalmente para recompensar a los contactos, entendido como una manera de estrechar lazos sociales ya existentes. El aspecto emocional (afecto positivo) de las noticias solo adquiere relevancia si el objetivo es la identificación. En el resto de las ocasiones, se comparten preferentemente noticias consideradas útiles.
Descargas
Citas
An, J., Quercia, D., Cha, M., Gummadi, K., & Crowcroft, J. (2014). Sharing political news: the balancing act of intimacy and socialization in selective exposure. EPJ Data Science, 3(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-014-0012-2
Berger, J. (2014). Word of mouth and interpersonal communication: A review and directions for future research. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(4), 586–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2014.05.002
Boczkowski, P. J., Matassi, M., & Mitchelstein, E. (2018). How Young Users Deal With Multiple Platforms: The Role of Meaning-Making in Social Media Repertoires. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 23(5), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmy012
Chaudhry, I. & Gruzd, A. (2019). Expressing and Challenging Racist Discourse on Facebook: How Social Media Weaken the “Spiral of Silence” Theory. Policy & Internet, 12(1), 88-108. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.197
Dubois, E. & Blank, G. (2018). The echo chamber is overstated: the moderating effect of political interest and diverse media. Information, Communication & Society, 21(5), 729–745. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1428656
Duffy, A. & Ling, R. (2019). The Gift of News: Phatic News Sharing on Social Media for Social Cohesion. Journalism Studies, 21(1)1, 72-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1627900
Emerson, R. M. (1987). Toward a theory of value in social exchange. In K. Cook (Ed.), Social Exchange Theory. SAGE.
French Jr., J. R. P. & Raven, B. (1959). The bases of social power. In D. Cartwright (Ed.), Studies in social power (pp. 150–167). University of Michigan.
Gil-López, T., Shen, C., Benefield, G. A., Palomares, N. A., Kosinski, M., & Stillwell, D. (2018). One Size Fits All: Context Collapse, Self-Presentation Strategies and Language Styles on Facebook. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 23(3), 127–145. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmy006
Gil De Zúñiga, H., Diehl, T., Huber, B., & Liu, J. (2017). Personality Traits and Social Media Use in 20 Countries: How Personality Relates to Frequency of Social Media Use, Social Media News Use, and Social Media Use for Social Interaction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(9), 540–542. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2017.0295
Goncalves, J., Kostakos, V., & Venkatanathan, J. (2013). Narrowcasting in social media: Effects and perceptions. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2013 (pp. 502–509). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2492517.2492570
Guess, A., Nagler, J., & Tucker, J. (2019). Less than you think: Prevalence and predictors of fake news dissemination on Facebook. Science Advances, 5(1), eaau4586. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau4586
Hasell, A. & Weeks, B. E. (2016). Partisan Provocation: The Role of Partisan News Use and Emotional Responses in Political Information Sharing in Social Media. Human Communication Research, 42(4), 641–661. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12092
Holton, A. E., Coddington, M., Lewis, S. C., & Zúñiga, H. G. de. (2015). Reciprocity and the News: The Role of Personal and Social Media Reciprocity in News Creation and Consumption. International Journal of Communication, 9, 2526-2547. Retrieved from http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3598
Hossain, M. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., Chan, C., Standing, C., & Olanrewaju, A. S. (2018). Sharing political content in online social media: A planned and unplanned behaviour approach. Information Systems Frontiers, 20(3), 485-501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-017-9820-9
Houston, J. B., McKinney, M. S., Thorson, E., Hawthorne, J., Wolfgang, J. D., & Swasy, A. (2018). The twitterization of journalism: User perceptions of news tweets. Journalism, 21(5), 614-632. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918764454
Johnson, B. K. & Ranzini, G. (2018). Click here to look clever: Self-presentation via selective sharing of music and film on social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 82, 148–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.008
Kalogeropoulos, A., Negredo, S., Picone, I., & Nielsen, R. K. (2017). Who Shares and Comments on News?: A Cross-National Comparative Analysis of Online and Social Media Participation. Social Media + Society, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117735754
Kalsnes, B. & Larsson, A. O. (2019). Facebook News Use During the 2017 Norwegian Elections—Assessing the Influence of Hyperpartisan News. Journalism Practice, 15(2), 209-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1704426
Karapanos, E., Teixeira, P., & Gouveia, R. (2016). Need fulfillment and experiences on social media: A case on Facebook and WhatsApp. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 888–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2015.10.015
Katz, E. (1959). Mass communications research and the study of popular culture: An editorial note on a possible future for this journal. Studies in Public Communication, 2, 1–6. Retrieved from http://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/165
Kilgo, D. K., Harlow, S., García-Perdomo, V., & Salaverría, R. (2018). A new sensation? An international exploration of sensationalism and social media recommendations in online news publications. Journalism, 19(11), 1497–1516. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916683549
Kim, E. & Ihm, J. (2019). More Than Virality: Online Sharing of Controversial News With Activated Audience. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 97(1), 118-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699019836950
Knobloch-Westerwick, S. & Kleinman, S. B. (2012). Preelection Selective Exposure. Communication Research, 39(2), 170–193. hhttps://doi.org/10.1177/0093650211400597
Kubey, R., Larson, R., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Experience Sampling Method Applications to Communication Research Questions. Journal of Communication, 46(2), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1996.tb01476.x
Kümpel, A. S. (2019). The Issue Takes It All? Digital Journalism, 7(2), 165–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1465831
Larsson, A. O. (2019). Winning and losing on Social Media-Comparing viral political posts across platforms. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 7(2), 165-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.490380513
Lee, C. S. & Ma, L. (2012). News sharing in social media: The effect of gratifications and prior experience. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.002
Liu, D. & Campbell, W. K. (2017). The Big Five personality traits, Big Two metatraits and social media: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 70, 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.08.004
Lottridge, D. & Bentley, F. R. (2018). Let’s Hate Together. How People Share News in Messaging, Social, and Public Networks. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’18 (paper n. 60). ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173634
Lukes, S. (2005). Power: A Radical View. McMillan.
Marwick, A. E. & boyd, d. (2011). I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience. New Media & Society, 13(1), 114–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810365313
Noguera-Vivo, J. M. (2018). You get what you give : Sharing as a new radical challenge for journalism. Communication & Society, 31(4), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.31.4.147-158
Oeldorf-Hirsch, A. & Sundar, S. S. (2015). Posting, commenting, and tagging: Effects of sharing news stories on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, 240–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.024
Orellana-Rodriguez, C. & Keane, M. T. (2018). Attention to news and its dissemination on Twitter: A survey. Computer Science Review, 29, 74–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COSREV.2018.07.001
Ross, C., Orr, E. S., Sisic, M., Arseneault, J. M., Simmering, M. G., & Orr, R. R. (2009). Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 578–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2008.12.024
Segado-Boj, F., Díaz-Campo, J., Fernández-Gómez, E., & Chaparro-Domínguez, M.-Á. (2019). Spanish academics and social networking sites: Use, non-use, and the perceived advantages and drawbacks of Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, ResearchGate, and Academia.edu. First Monday, 24(5). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v24i5.7296
Segado-Boj, F., Díaz-Campo, J., & Quevedo-Redondo, R. (2019). Influence of the 'News finds me' Perception on News Sharing and News Consumption on Social Media. Communication Today, 10(2), 90–104. Retrieved from https://www.communicationtoday.sk/wp-content/uploads/07.-SEGADO-BOJ-et-al.-%E2%80%93-CT-2-2019.pdf
Shin, J. & Thorson, K. (2017). Partisan Selective Sharing: The Biased Diffusion of Fact-Checking Messages on Social Media. Journal of Communication, 67(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12284
Swart, J., Peters, C., & Broersma, M. (2018). Shedding light on the dark social: The connective role of news and journalism in social media communities. New Media & Society, 20(11), 4329–4345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818772063
Thompson, N., Wang, X., & Daya, P. (2019). Determinants of News Sharing Behavior on Social Media. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 60(6), 593-601. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2019.1566803
Waterloo, S. F., Baumgartner, S. E., Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2018). Norms of online expressions of emotion: Comparing Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp. New Media and Society, 20(5), 1813-1831. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817707349
Winter, S., Metzger, M. J., & Flanagin, A. J. (2016). Selective Use of News Cues: A MultipleMotive Perspective on Information Selection in Social Media Environments. Journal of Communication, 66(4), 669–693. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12241
Witschge, T., Anderson, C., Domingo, D., & Hermida, A. (2018). Dealing with the mess (we made): Unraveling hybridity, normativity, and complexity in journalism studies. Journalism, 20(5), 651–659. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918760669
Yang, C. (2016). Instagram Use, Loneliness, and Social Comparison Orientation: Interact and Browse on Social Media, But Don’t Compare. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(12), 703–708. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0201
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Cuadernos.info
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
