Periodismo constructivo: una respuesta a las razones de los usuarios para evitar las noticias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.46.1714Palabras clave:
periodismo constructivo, consumo de noticias, evasión informativa, emociones, confianza en las noticiasResumen
Pese a que el panorama mediático actual permite escoger entre muy diversas plataformas, fuentes y medios para informarse, hay usuarios que deciden evitar las noticias. Este artículo explora las razones que motivan esta evasión informativa, poniéndolas en diálogo con las propuestas del periodismo constructivo. Tomando como caso de estudio a España y mediante un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo del Digital News Report –basado en un estudio piloto y una encuesta a 2006 usuarios digitales–, los resultados muestran que el 50% de los internautas españoles evita las noticias de manera activa, una práctica más habitual entre las mujeres, los jóvenes y las personas de bajos ingresos económicos. Las razones señaladas por los usuarios para no consultar las noticias aluden a dos grandes factores. Por un lado, a la situación del usuario, ya sea por falta de interés en la actualidad como por la percepción de que la exposición al flujo noticioso tiene efectos negativos en su persona (siendo esta la principal razón para evitarlas, en el 37% de los casos). Por otro lado, también se acusa a los medios de comunicación –tanto a nivel corporativo como a los periodistas que elaboran la información– de incumplir algunos principios básicos de la profesión. Específicamente, 29% de los usuarios no consulta las noticias porque desconfía de su veracidad. Los medios podrían combatir estas motivaciones optando por un enfoque más constructivo del periodismo, basado en una cobertura orientada a generar un impacto social positivo.
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Haagerup, U. (2014). Constructive News: How to Save the Media and Democracy with Journalism of Tomorrow. New York, NY: InnoVatio Publishing.
Harcup, T. & O’Neill, D. (2001). What is news? Galtung and Ruge revisited. Journalism Studies, 2(2), 261–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700118449
Hasebrink, U. & Hepp, A. (2017). How to research cross-media practices? Investigating media repertoires and media ensembles. Convergence, 23(4), 362–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856517700384
Helgerud, A. (2015). Lidelse, frakobling og strategisk unngåelse (Suffering, disconnection and strategic avoidance) (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://bora.uib.no/handle/1956/10893
Hermans, L. & Gydensted, C. (2019). Elements of constructive journalism: Characteristics, practical application and audience valuation. Journalism, 20(4), 535–551. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918770537
Hermans, L. & Drok, N. (2018). Placing Constructive Journalism in Context. Journalism Practice, 12(6), 679-694. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2018.1470900
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&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735576692
Jackson, J. (2016). Publishing the Positive Exploring the motivations for and the consequences of reading solutions-focused journalism (Independent research conducted as part of Master’s Degree in Positive Psychology at the University of East London, United Kingdom). Retrieved from https://www.constructivejournalism.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Publishing-the-Positive_MA-thesis-research-2016_Jodie-Jackson.pdf
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Kantar Media. (2016). Brand and trust in a fragmented news environment. Retrieved from https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/our-research/brand-and-trust-fragmented-news-environment
Kleemans, M., Dohmen, R., Schlindwein, L. F., Tamboer, S. L., de Leeuw, R. N., & Buijzen, M. (2019). Children’s cognitive responses to constructive television news. Journalism, 20(4), 568–582. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918770540
Ksiazek, T. B., Malthouse, E. C., & Webster, J. G. (2010). News-seekers and Avoiders: Exploring Patterns of Total News Consumption Across Media and the Relationship to Civic Participation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54(4), 551–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2010.519808
Kovach, B. & Rosenstiel, T. (2003). Los elementos del periodismo (The elements of journalism). Madrid, Spain: Santillana.
Le Masurier, M. (2015). What is slow journalism? Journalism Practice, 9(2), 138–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2014.916471
Lindell, J. & Sartoretto, P. (2018). Young People, Class and the News. Distinction, socialization and moral sentiments. Journalism Studies, 19(14), 2042-2061. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1310628
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2020-09-27
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Serrano-Puche, J. (2020). Periodismo constructivo: una respuesta a las razones de los usuarios para evitar las noticias. Cuadernos.Info, (46), 153–177. https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.46.1714
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TEMAS GENERALES
